Cement structure.



H. A. GARDNER. CEMENT STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.26. 1915.

1,230,475. Patented June 19, 1917..

wimm v a, a. 6mm

CEMENT s'rnnc'rnns.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January '26, 1915. Serial no. 4,538.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that lllnxmr A. GARDNER, a

citizen of the United States, residing at \Vashington. in the District of olumbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cement Structures. of which the. following is a specification.

This invention relates tocement or concrete structures having iron or steel memlobers embedded therein, the object of the invention being the provision of a structure of this kind .wherein the embedded member v hydrogen any material degree.

is not only adequately protected against corrosion arising from electrolytic or other causes. but is also very firmly united or bonded to the concrete.

It is vWell known that iron orgs teel reinforcing members, or structural elements, em bedded in concrete, are subject to oxidation 2h or solution, particularly under the action of electrolysis; and efforts are made to prevent this corrosion by the application to the metal of various paints or varnishes. It has been naturally assumed that the most suitable coating materials for this purpose would be such as have a high insulatingandwaterproofing-value. such for example as the oil varnishes. I have found, however, that although such coatings arepartially successfill in protecting the metal from corrosion, they present the'serious defect of very matcrially weakening the bond between the cement and the metal, due to-thefact that they present a more or less smooth and glossy surface to which the cement does not adhere well. For exan 1ple,l have found by actual test that a paint. varnish or lacquer, applied to the metal and carefully dried before embedding in concrete, may reduce the 40 bonding strength to' fitty per cent. or even to 25 per cent, of its valueas compared with the bare metal. i

I have found that an exception to; this general rule exists in the case of tung oil f' fi gt hina wood oil), and that this oil, when 'p'ropcrlv prepared (nr'proee-ssed. applied to thc'metal and hardened or permitted to harden thereon by polymerization, does not materially weaken the bond with the cement.

Ea; as compared with the bonding strength of the bare iron. In fact, in some cases, a material increase in the strength of the bond has been observed. This striking eil'ect apcars to be e'ssenti ally a surface. phenomenon,

:Furthermore.the tung oil is particulzu'ly efiicacious as an electrical insulator for the above use. It is known that oxidized oils, such as boiled linseed oil and the like.are capable of serving as depolarizers for hydrogen. with the result that when they are subjected' 'n' contact with the metal to the ca thodic effect of stray currents, they undergo.

reduction and give rise. to more or lessfiuid products, which are-meifective as insulating" In the case of tung oil. however. the

Patented June 1J9 1917. i

hardening of-the film is largely the result of polymerization. tion: and the hardened film does .not absorb and is not affected by hydrogen'to Hence the tang oil serves as a highly efiicient'insulator in cases where electrolytic corrosion is to be guarded against.

I have obtained the best results with lung oil which has been subjected to a so-called processing step, in which it is partially polymerized by moderate heating in presence of a small percentage of" theusual driers, such as lead resinate, manganese di- .oxid, etc.. and suitably thinned with turpentine. I do'not limit myself howei'er to oil processed in any particular manner, or to the use of turpentine in connection there with. Such processed oils. as iswell known, dry rapidly to a smooth glossy'film consisting of the polymerized oil.

If desired. both the bonding and insulating eiiects oi' the tnng oil may be further -improved by sanding the film-before it has hardened, as described in my copending ap phcation. Serial ho. i539. filed on the same date herewith; By this treatment the film is covered. with a'layer of partially embedded particles or granules of an insulating substance. as for example sharp white sand or the like. the clean exposed portions of which form an excellent binding surface for the cement. Instead of sand.'1 may use other granular substances, as crushed quartz. emery. carborumlum. crushed slag. o the like. The tang oil.-howcver. forms'an cflective. insulating bond'withoutthis supplemental treatment.

lhc'tung oil may be. applied as a clear yarnish. or it may serve as a vehicle for various pigments. among which are preferred such insulating pigments as asbestine. china clay, silica or the like. In connection with these pigments. I may also use basic or chromate pigments capable of imparting a passive condition to the iron surfaces, as for example red lead, zincchromate', etc.

as distinguished from oxidallie term cement" used herein to in-- (l1 ale ceiiientitious materials in generrd as Portland and other cements, eencrete,

plaster, or the like. For example, the invention is adrentageously applied in cennee in with inserts of expanded metal in pla or stucco or the like.

The accompanying drawing is conven- Wmal. illustration of the present article, the being a central vertical section in ah 1 indicates an iron rod or bar; 2 the .1 or layer containing polymerized tung 3 santl. or other granular substance paralierl iled in saicl tilm anal a the eeitra ture in which the coated metal member embedded,

claim:- Yl. a new article of manufacture, a ce- Gepies of new l bedded there n and an insulating la) tween the metal and the cement, sairl containing polymerized tang oil 2, As a new article of manufacture, a cement structure having a metal member embedded therein, and an insulating layer between the metal and the cement, said layer comprising a'film 0f polymerized lung oil, and a granular substance the particles of which are partially embedded in said film.

In testimony whereof I my signature in presence 01" two Witnesses.

BY A. GAEDNER.

i i itnesees Jase i1. BLACKWOOD,

N. P. LEONARD,

petent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Sommissieaer e5 latents.

Tashizigton, I9. (3. 

